Stages
Doctors assign the stage of the cancer by combining the T, N, and M classifications.
Stage 0 : This is also called carcinoma in situ. The cancer is found only on the surface of the epithelium. The cancer has not grown into any other layers of the stomach and is considered an early cancer (Tis, N0, M0).
Stage IA : The cancer has grown into the inner layer of the wall of the stomach, but it has not spread to any lymph nodes or other organs (T1, N0, M0).
Stage IB : Stomach cancer is called stage IB in either of these two conditions:
* The cancer has grown into the inner layers of the wall of the stomach and has spread to one to two lymph nodes but not elsewhere (T1, N1, M0).
* The cancer has grown into the outer muscular layers of the wall of the stomach, but the cancer has not spread to the lymph nodes or other organs (T2, N0, M0).
Stage IIA : Stomach cancer is called stage IIA for any one of these conditions:
* The cancer has grown into the inner layer of the wall of the stomach and has spread to three to six lymph nodes but not elsewhere (T1, N2, M0).
* The cancer has grown into the outer muscular layers of the wall of the stomach and has spread to one to two lymph nodes but not elsewhere (T2, N1, M0).
* The cancer has grown through all of the layers of the muscle into the connective tissue outside the stomach but has not grown into the peritoneal lining or serosa. It has not spread to any lymph nodes or surrounding organs (T3, N0, M0).
Stage IIB : Stomach cancer is called stage IIB for any one of these conditions:
The cancer has grown into the inner layers of the wall of the stomach and has spread to seven or more lymph nodes but not elsewhere. (T1, N3, M0).
* The cancer has invaded the outer muscular layers of the wall of the stomach and has spread to three to six lymph nodes but not elsewhere (T2, N2, M0).
* The cancer has grown through all of the layers of the muscle into the connective tissue outside the stomach but has not grown into the peritoneal lining or serosa and has spread to one to two lymph nodes but not elsewhere (T3, N1, M0).
* The cancer has grown through all of the layers of the muscle into the connective tissue outside the stomach and has grown into the peritoneal lining or serosa, but it has not spread to any lymph nodes or surrounding organs (T4a, N0, M0).
Stage IIIA : Stomach cancer is called stage IIIA for any one of these conditions:
* The cancer has grown into the outer muscular layers of the stomach wall and has spread to seven or more lymph nodes but not to other organs (T2, N3, M0).
* The cancer has grown through all of the layers of the muscle into the connective tissue outside the stomach but has not grown into the peritoneal lining or serosa. It has spread to three to six lymph nodes but not to other organs (T3, N2, M0).
* The cancer has grown through all of the layers of the muscle into the connective tissue outside the stomach and has grown into the peritoneal lining or serosa and has spread to one to two lymph nodes but not to other organs (T4a, N1, M0).
Stage IIIB : Stomach cancer is called stage IIIB for any of these conditions:
* The cancer has grown through all of the layers of the muscle into the connective tissue outside the stomach but has not grown into the peritoneal lining or serosa. It has spread to seven or more lymph nodes but has not invaded any surrounding organs (T3, N3, M0).
* The cancer has grown through all of the layers of the muscle into the connective tissue outside the stomach and has grown into the peritoneal lining or serosa and has spread to three to six lymph nodes but has not spread elsewhere (T4a, N2, M0).
* The cancer has grown through all of the layers of the muscle into the connective tissue outside the stomach and has grown into nearby organs or structures. It may or may not have spread to one to two lymph nodes but not to distant parts of the body (T4b, N0 or N1, M0).
Stage IV : Stage IV stomach cancer describes a cancer of any size that has spread to distant parts of the body in addition to the area around the stomach (any T, any N, M1).
Prevention of Stomach Cancer
* All patients who come to Dr. Meenu Walia for oncology care start their treatment only after they have been discussed in the Tumor Board and given a Tumor Board Number. In the tumor board all our specialists (Surgical Oncologists, Gastroenterologists, Medical Oncologists, Radiation Oncologists, Oncopathologists and Radiologists) discuss the findings, and chart out the optimal plan of treatment for each patient based on established National and International Guidelines and Protocols. This treatment plan takes into account the overall health of the patient, the extent (stage) of the cancer and their preferences. The primary treatments for gastric cancer (stomach cancer) include Surgery, Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy.
* Oncologists at Dr. Meenu Walia see lots of patients who have stomach cancer each year. That experience helps them to guide patients toward the most appropriate treatment approach. We take great care to ensure patients understand the benefits and risks associated with each treatment option.
* Dr. Meenu Walia offers all treatment options for stomach cancer, including Surgery, Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy
Surgery – Surgery offered for stomach cancer consists of some sort of resection which involves removal of a part or whole of stomach in block with surrounding tissues and lymph nodes, depending upon the extent of the disease. Gastrectomy is a technically demanding procedure and sometimes may require combined resection of surrounding organs like part of liver, pancreas, colon and spleen with complex reconstruction to restore the continuity of digestive tract. Our surgical oncologist offer D2 gastrectomy which is a gold standard in Japan.
Radiation therapy – Doctors may recommend radiation therapy in combination with chemotherapy or surgery. Radiation oncologists at Dr. Meenu Walia have extensive experience in the treatment of gastric cancer, and they use specialized techniques to limit the radiation dose to surrounding healthy tissue.
Chemotherapy – Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to destroy cancer cells. It may be given before surgery, after surgery (to treat cancer that may remain), or during and following radiation. Chemotherapy may be the main treatment when the tumor can’t be surgically removed because the cancer has spread.
Comments
Post a Comment